What is the primary function of the retina?

The primary function of the retina is to convert light into neural signals for vision. The retina is a light-sensitive layer located at the back of the eye, containing photoreceptor cells known as rods and cones. When light enters the eye, these photoreceptors capture the light and initiate a biochemical process that converts it into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as visual images.

This function is fundamental to the sensory experience of sight, as it allows for the perception of visual stimuli. Without the retina's ability to convert light into neural signals, the process of seeing would not occur. Each of the other options relates to different functions that are involved in the overall operation of the eye, but they do not capture the essential role of the retina in vision. Refracting light pertains to the role of the cornea and lens, while protection is a function of the eyelids and surrounding structures. Maintaining intraocular pressure is primarily managed by the aqueous humor and related structures, playing no direct role in the optical conversion process executed by the retina.